E97 
.R6 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




DQD17Q34tit)2 




Superintendent Franfe M. Conser 



- til 



Hon. Jas. S. Sherman 

[For whom the §chooJ was Named!) 



HARWOOD HALL 

SHERMAN'S FIRST SUPERINTENDENT 




Mrs. Harwood Hall 



Sherman Institute 



To GET a true history of Sherman Institute we must go luck to the .war 1897 
to the old Perris School, near Perris, California. There, in that little place, 
wholly inadequate to the growing needs of the advancing Indian youth of Southern 
California, the idea of a larger school in more favorable surroundings 
History originated in the mind of Harwood Hall, thi n Sup< rintendent of the 

Perris School. Mr. Hall, with the help and inspiration of his wife, 
most energetically took the matter up, and after a bitter struggle of three years 
against opposing factions finally, by educating the people of South) rn California to 
the possibilities of the young Indian and by interesting influential friends in tin 

movement, caused Congress to make an appropriation for a new sol I, which was 

founded in Riverside, California, in 1901. 

The name "Sherman" was given the school as a tribute to one of its stanches! 
friends, Hon. James S. Sherman, of New York. 

The corner-stone of the main building was laid with great c< r< mony June IS, 
1901, by Capt. A. C. Tonner, Assistant Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the 
following spring found the original plant of nine buildings completed. The build- 
ings were accepted in .May. but they were not occupied until July 18, just a year from 
the date of the founding, when a party of eighteen pupils from the Pima Reserva- 
tion arrived for enrollment. However, the very first pupil to register was Romaldo 



Lachusa, who is now a faithful employee at Sherman. From this the number 
rapidly increased, and by fall the school was practically filled. In September 
regular work began and all activities of the school started up in full operation. 

The situation at the beginning was hard, indeed, with meager equipment and 
limited supplies; yet the students and employees met every hardship with unswerv- 
ing courage through the first years. But it is unnecessary to give this. The 
beginning must always lie made by hewing through and riding over difficult con- 
ditions. During those years Sherman grew, both in beauty and strength, as by a 
miraculous power. The campus, which at first was little more than plowed ground 
and stump holes, was magically transformed within a comparatively short time 
into a park with Mowers, lawns, trees and shrubs, and orderly walks and drive- 
ways. Thus, through the process of marvelous growth, Sherman has developed in 
six years into a beautiful, strong, progressive school, with capacity for 550 students, 
and is well equipped in all departments to offer a good general education to the 
Indian hoy and girl. 

In all this country probably no better location could have been selected for a 
school than that which Sherman Institute occupies. Situated as it is in the very 
heart of Southern California in beautiful Riverside, widely known as 
Environment one of the choice cities of the State, this school has every advantage 
of civilization. Amidst people of the highest culture and refinement, 
where the interest and sympathy of the entire south is with the Indian and his 
development, the student of Sherman gets a much-needed help and stimulus in his 
fight for character and education. 

Sherman has not only the choicest location in California, but also the most 



desirable site in all Riverside Valley. This is on famous Magnolia Avenue, where 
the streel cars pass every twenty minutes. The Avenue a broad boulevard with 
magnolias, great palms, and majestic eucalyptus trees on either side and graceful 
peppi rs down the center, has an especial charm, while on all sides stretch miles of 
orange and lemon groves and luxuriant tropical growth of every description. 
Surrounding all this are high mountain ranges, the peaks of which are white with 
snow during the greater part of the year. Such beauty is a great aid to happiness 
and contentment and must have an uplifting and refining influence upon any 
norma] person, and particularly is it valuable to the young, who are impressionable 
and whose ideals are in the process of forming. 

As to climate, no better could he found. The winters are bright and mild, 
and the summers are comfortable, with just enough fog and coast breeze to equalize 
the temperature. Hence the health at the school is excellent. 

Without question the location and environment of Sherman are rare, and 
blessed is he who may take advantage of them. 

At present the school plant consists of thirty-four buildings, all modeled after 
the old Mission style of architecture. The artistic grouping of these buildings on 
the beautiful campus, with extensive lawns and a profusion of rare 
Buildings Howers, trees, and shrubs, presents a striking appearance. Few 
schools or colleges can equal in exterior charm our picturesque 
Sherman of the "Sunny South." 

The most imposing structure, and the one about which all group, is the audi- 
torium or school building. In this are the classrooms, library, principal teacher's 
office, and a large assembly hall with balcony and a full stage, the seating capacity 



of the hall being about one thousand. On either side of the auditorium are the 
dormitories, six in all, three for girls and three for boys. These are Ramona 
Home, divided into rooms for use of the young ladies; Minnehaha Home for the 
second sized girls, and The Tepee for the youngest girls, each home being under 
constant care and supervision of a matron; Alessandro Lodge, also with rooms, for 
the young men; Hiawatha Lodge for the next younger class of boys, and The 
Wigwam for the little fellows, each of the latter three being in charge of a discipli- 
narian or matron. All of the dormitories have attractive sitting rooms, reading 
rooms, play and recreation rooms, and all modern conveniences which go to com- 
plete the comfort of the home life of the occupants. Another important building 
is the students' dining hall, located at the rear of the auditorium. This hall is 50 
by 125 feet and has, besides the immense dining room, a spacious new kitchen, 
well equipped with steam-cooking apparatus, cold-storage facilities, a basement for 
vegetables and supplies, and rooms for washing dishes and preparing vegetables. 
In this building also is the Teachers' Club, with comfortable dining room and 
kitchen. Among the structures not mentioned are the hospital, boys' industrial 
hall, girls' domestic science hall, two cottages especially arranged for the unmarried 
teachers, fourteen housekeeping cottages for the use of employees with families, and 
the administration building. 

ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT 

The academic course takes the students through the first year of high school, 
eliminating Latin and substituting commercial branches. The school is graded 
with the city schools, with especial attention given to the correlation of the class- 



room work with thai of the industrial departments. After completing the ninth 
grade the students who wish to study further have the privilege of entering high 

scl I and business college in Riverside, both of which have a broadening influence. 

Classes graduated this year from both the high school and business college, and we 
now have students in all the under classes. This privilege is granted to those 
Indian boys and girls who have ambition and definite purpose. 

/ N DUSTR1 ES 

The facilities for industrial training are now excellent. Special attention is 
given to the industrial courses, which are placed upon an equal plane with the 
academic In all departments the work is definitely outlined in grades, each 
requiring examination for promotion, the final step being graduation with a 
certificate of the work covered. 

The hoys have a large industrial hall, including the departments of carpentry, 
painting and cabinet-making, blacksmithing and wagon-making, shoe and harness 
making, tailoring, and printing. In another building, known as the 
Boys' cold-storage plant and boiler house, is the engineering shop. This 

Industries gives a practical course in steam-heating, steam-fitting, electrical con- 
nections (as in wiring buildings ), and plumbing. In connection with 
this work is the steam laundry, which gives practice in engineering and manipulation 
of machinery. Another important industrial feature is gardening. With the forty 
acres of lawns. Mowers, and shrubbery the boys have excellent advantages in land- 
scape gardening, besides getting valuable lessons in horticulture obtained in vege- 
table gardening, orange culture, and the propagation of plants in the greenhouse. 



In addition to the foregoing is a modern bakeshop, which supplies all the bread 
and pastry consumed by the student body. 

The individual is allowed the choice of his trade, and after proving himself 
capable is encouraged and urged to complete the course. 

Corresponding with the boys' industrial building is the girls' domestic science 
hall. Here are the dressmaking department where the girls are taught by pro- 
fessional methods the complete dressmaking trade, the plain-sewing 
Girls' department, the primary sewing, and the needle-art room. The 

Industries domestic science cooking department is also in this building. This 
includes a dining room and kitchen equipped for thorough training 
in cooking and serving in a scientific as well as a practical manner and a con- 
venient modern housekeeping cottage where the girls put into practice during their 
senior year, as a final test, their knowledge and skill in cookery and general house- 
keeping as required in a private home. The entire work, under the direction of a 
graduate teacher, is one of Sherman's proudest departments and one which offers 
the girls great advantages. Housekeeping in all details is taught both by practice 
and theory. The many homes among the employees in which the girls can, if 
they wish, obtain employment along with their school work furnish good experience 
in private housekeeping, while the dormitories give training in institutional house- 
keeping, both of which are very important. Laundering is also emphasized. This 
is given as a special course called "family washing," in winch the work is taught 
and executed as it would be done in a private family. Among the graduates ('08) 
of this department were girls Avhose work would equal that of a French laundry. 
The training hospital, under a very competent trained nurse, is another very 



important and popular department. Here the girls take a regularly prescribed course 
along the same lines as required in a city hospital, and on graduating in this work 
they will be well-qualified nurses. This noble profession is the highest ambition of 
our girls, whose applications are considered on the character and merit of applicant . 

SHERMAN RANCH 

The school ranch, located on Magnolia Avenue, four miles from the school 
proper, is a Little training school in itself. The hoys' home, a large airy building, 
is well fitted ui> f° r the comfort of the ranch hoys. They have here a sitting room, 
dormitory, baths, lavatories, and locker rooms. Here also are the ranch school- 
room and quarters for the dairyman and assistant farmer. In line with this 
building is the girls' home, especially arranged for ranch-home life. A piano in 
the bright, cozy sitting room adds much to the pleasure and cheer of the girls and 
serves as a means of many enjoyable evenings for both girls and hoys. The 
dining room and kitchen for the employees, as well as the pupils, is in this build- 
ing, besides the private rooms for the housekeeper and teacher, while the farmer 
and his family occupy a cottage close by. In addition to these are the poultry 
yards, the engine house, and a large horse, hay, and dairy barn, the latter of 
which constitutes a very important and attractive part of the ranch. 

On the 110 acres irrigation and general farming — as raising grain, alfalfa, 
barley, and wheat hay, the care of dairy herd, dairying, and raising of hogs and 
poultry — are thoroughly taught. Vegetable gardening is especially emphasized, 
with the result that large quantities of vegetables are supplied to the school proper 
throughout the year. 



Girls receive instruction and training in all that pertains to the duties of ranch 
housekeeper — such as caring for the home, cooking, kitchen gardening, care of 
poultry on a small scale, care of milk, and butter-making. Along with the ranch 
work the pupils-, both boys and girls, get the same school advantages as at Sherman 
proper. No department of Sherman is more popular for its valuable opportunities 
and instruction than the ranch. 

OUTING SYSTEM 

As a part of the school plan the outing system is practiced each year. Students 
have no difficulty in securing positions, the girls in the best families of Southern 
California and the boys on ranches and in other industrial lines. The extensive 
production of oranges, berries, and other fruits, cantaloupes, and grain furnish 
employment for the boys at all seasons. This practice of sending out students for 
experience and to earn a little money during vacation is an advantage to the 
students, but it is not compulsory. The wishes of the individual and of parents, 
if necessary, are always consulted. 

INCIDENTAL ADVANTAGES 

Without the incidental advantages which should attend school life the school 
would be dull, indeed, and would fall far short of its purpose. Work and study 
alone fail to round out the mind and character, but must be balanced by those 
things that lighten the drudgery of daily routine. In these advantages Sherman 
is, not lacking. 

The most helpful of these advantages and the one which leaves the deepest 
impress on the lives of the students is the religious influence pervading the entire 



school. This is the character-molding power which forms the ground- 
Religious work for all our true success. Regular classified instruction -is given 
Influence by both the Protestant and Catholic churches, the former of which 

sends a lady, who is chosen by the Christian Union in Riverside, to 
devote her entire time to work among the Protestant children, and the latter has 
adjoining the school grounds a little chapel with a resident priest whose sole duty 
is to look after the spiritual welfare of the Catholic hoys and girls. In connection 
with the Protestant work are the V. W. C. A., the V. M. C. A., and the Junior 
Endeavors. Perfect harmony in all religious work exists, and the one thought of 
founding strong Christian character in the Indian youth is paramount. 

The element of music touches the school life throughout. Those organizations 
w hich help materially to create a spirit of happiness and contentment among the 

students arc the mandolin and guitar club, composed of girls, and 
Music the hoys' brass and reed instrument hand, both of which are famous 

not (inly at home hut throughout the south, the Ramona octet of 
girls, the Sherman glee club of hoys, the choir, and the orchestra. Without these 
organizations of culture, which are the means of so much pleasure, Sherman would 
not he complete. 

As a part of the academic course and yet as a special advantage are the literary 
societies. They serve a double purpose — to bring forward the individual and to 
lend an entertaining feature to the school. These societies are eight 
Literary in all, but they join in two sections for program work, each section 

Societies giving an entertainment alternately bimonthly. Such entertainments 
are devoted to declamations, orations, debates, industrial demonstra- 



tions, original drills and exercises, and simple opera and drama, all of which are 
within the range of the pupils' ability and cultivate taste and appreciation and ease 
in appearing before the public. In this branch of work the advantage is inestimable. 

No school is complete without athletics, which are the escape valve for surplus 
energy. At Sherman the boys have associations which include football and 
baseball, the teams of which have made Famous records in California, 
Athletics and various Held sports, in which all are privileged to join. The 
girls have the popular games of basket ball and tennis. All. these 
have no little value from a health standpoint and add greatly to the necessary 
pleasure of school life, besides fostering loyalty and genuine school spirit. For the 
games and sports the athletic associations have free use of Chemawa Park adjoining 
the school campus. 

As a distinct advantage in itself is the picturesque Chemawa Park, which offers 
both recreative as well as study opportunities. Its cool, shaded lawns, brightened 
by gay flowers and shrubs, and its cozy seats and comfortable swings 
Chemawa are a great attraction to the boys and girls during certain recreation 
Park hours, while 1 the zoological garden, containing animals and birds of 
many species, is, indeed, an interesting and instructive feature. 
It would lie impossible for a school to accomplish its full purpose without 
advantages for the social life, for this is the toning process that brings out the 
refined, dignified, gracious, finished man and woman, hi this, too, 
Social Life Sherman meets the need. Among the regular social events of the 
year are the contest parties given at the beginning of school in both 
Ramona Home and Alessandro Lodge with the object of ope ning the individual 



rooms for determination of merit in taste and effect, for which prizes arc awarded; 
the class party at the Superintendent's residence for the seniors ami juniors; the 
Thanksgiving sociable in the large dining hall; the Christmas party; the football 
banquet; the Valentine party at Ramona Home; Washington's Birthday sociable ; 
the senior class party in the library to the juniors, teachers, and special Friends; 
the various industrial class parties; the reception to the seniors, both academic 
and industrial, given by the Superintendent and his wife; and the Commencement 
hall. Besides these are the bimonthly sociables in the students' dining room and 
many special functions throughout the year given at the domestic science hall and 
various other places. These diversions are not in excess and tend greatly to main- 
tain a feeling of contentment among the young people. 

The Sherman Bulletin, a twelve-column weekly newspaper, is an important 
adjunct to the school. While The BULLETIN has been, as it were, a weekly letter 
recounting the happenings at the school, it has also served an impor- 
The Sherman tant office in stimulating the student body to literary and industrial 
Bulletin efforts, as well as being a great factor in molding the character of 
the pupils and an impetus to their progress. Pupils, under a com- 
petent instructor, do the mechanical work. It compares favorably, both in literary 
and mechanical taste, with publications of like nature in other institutions of learn- 
ing. It is a credit to the school and those engaged in its publication. The sheet 
also aims to instill in the Indian youth a genuine patriotism, thereby helping them 
in their efforts to become worthy citizens of our great and glorious country. While 
the subscription price is twenty-five cents a year, no charge is made to either 
pupils or employees at the school. 



CONCLUSION 

In closing, let it be briefly repeated that Sherman, in the very advantage of 
her location, offers the Indian boy and girl that environment which wins half the 
battle in their development, and in her educational plan she aims to make well- 
rounded, cultured, independent, self-supporting citizens among the citizens of their 
own country, capable not only of fulfilling the duties and obligations of life, but 
also capable of appreciating and enjoying its highest blessings. 

Indian pupils desiring to enter Sherman may make application to the Agent 
or Superintendent on their reservation and through him arrange for transportation. 

Those not on reservations may apply direct to Frank M. Conser, Superintendent 
Sherman Institute, Riverside, California. 



Magnolia A venue, front of Sherman Institute 




Supe 



Office 




Superintendent's Residence 



"Panoramic View Sherman Institute Front Entrance 



Entrance to Grounds Palm Planted by 

Secretary Garfield 




Office 



'Palm planted bu 

Commissioner Leupp 



Superintendent's Residence 




li itfu urn 



Palms Planted by Senator Perkins and Congressman Daniels 



Tepee 



Main School Building 




Girls' Industrial Building 



A Partial View of Buildings 



T^ose Jlrbor, Sherman Institute 




jtflessandro Lodge 




Dining Hall 



^Private Driveway 




Orange ^Pacfyng House 




Domestic Science 




Domestic Science Dining Room 




One of Nine Classrooms 



Corner Students' Dining Hall 



Riverside Orange Grove and Snow-Capped Mountains in Distance 




Corner School Kitchen 




Baseball Team '08 




Jluditorium, Lower Floor 




Dressmaking Department 



Intermediate Sewing Department 



Primary Sewing Department 




One of the Quarters for Single Employees 




A Class at Sherman Ranch 



Palm Drive Rear of Sherman 




Senior Nurses 




Corner Bulletin Office 




Minnehaha Home 




Sunday Morning Inspection — Band "Sound Off 



Library 




School Band 




Corner Girl's Bedroom 




Young Ladies — Ramona Home 




Young Men — Alessandro Lodge 




Corner Boys' Association Room 




Needle A rl Department 



Canal — Sherman Ranch 




Birdseye View of Sherman Ranch 

(Several Buildings Have Been Erected Since this View was Taken) 



Planting Garden — Sherman Ranch 




Horse and Dairy Barn — Sherman Ranch 




Girls' Home — Sherman Ranch 

(Boys' Home Erected Since this View was Taken) 



Part of Dairy Herd — Sherman Ranch 




Sunday Morning Inspection — Marching in Review 




Corner Girls' Association Room 




Mandolin and Guitar Club 




Corner Qirls' Sitting Room 




Comer Carpenter Shop 



Corner Harness and Shoe Shop 




Engineers, Plumbers and Electricians 




Corner Tailor Shop 



Corner Blacksmith and Wagon Shop 




Qraduating Class '08 



Qraduates in Cookery '08 




Industrial Qraduates '08 



Dressmaking Qraduates '08 



Industrial Qraduates '08 



Jl &it of %iverside "Park 





"Palm "Drive 



D 1. 2 8 



Qlenwood Mission Inn 



Sherman Academic Graduates 



The following arc the 

Rosa Linton 
Mystica Amago 
Flora Howard 
Harriet Jamison 
Anderson Mesket 

solida tortuga 
Theresa Giddens 
Charles Huntley 

Edith Marmon 
Charles Ammon 
Nannie Waite 

Edna Hill 
Melinda Kettlewood 
Mae Griswold 
Atanacio Lavato 
John Galt 
Elliot Ingraham 

Mina Hill 
Andrea E. Calac 
Christiana Gabriel 
Agnes M. Aguilar 
Eva Newbear 



den 



ITaUHlteS S111CC tl 



1904 

Benito Amago 
Christina Couro 
Faiistino Lugo 
Ellen Henley 
Harry Ingraham 

1905 

Frances Lawrence 
Alex Tortes 

1906 

Fannie Lewis 
Patrick M. Kennedy 

1907 

Taylor Teaford 
Robert Yellowtail 
Joseph Wellington 
Harry Wentworth 
Frank Miguel 

1908 

Margaret Linton 
Katherine M. Emerson 
Recardia Beresford 
Camilio Ardia 
Burnham Smith 



>] commenced: 



Thomas M. RAMSEIES 
Frederick Casero 
Zhealy Tso 
Ella L. Morongo 



John Morongo 
Myra Harris 



Joseph Jackson 
Richard Nejo 



John Bullock 
Saturnino Calac 
Romolo Garcia 
Henry Hogan 
Matilda Colby 



Charles Boles 
Antone Aubrey 
John Matilton 
Lee Dow 
Juan Montano 



